I certify this is my own work
Tuesday, 21 April 2015
Friday, 20 March 2015
Thursday, 5 March 2015
Unit 16 Editing
Editing
Invisible editing- If you cut on an action, the viewer is paying attention to the action. The action draws attention away from the edit, so you don't notice it. You see it but you don't notice it because your attention is drawn to the action or movement in the frame. It's like a magicians slight of hand, where he does an action to distract you while he does his slight of hand. It's right there to see but you don't notice it because the action distracts you from it. Same principle.
J&L cuts-In a J-cut, the sound of the next scene precedes the picture, and in an L-cut, the picture
changes but the audio continues.
Cutting on action-Cutting from one shot to another view that matches up to the action in the first shot.
Jump cuts-A technique which makes the audience think they've missed something and confuses them.
Unconventional shots- A shot that's not handheld, has a meticulously crafted composition that keeps your eye moving around it in a specific way.
Matched cut- A match cut, also called a graphic match, is a cut in film editing between either two different objects, two different spaces, or two different compositions in which objects in the two shots graphically match, often helping to establish a strong continuity of action and linking the two shots metaphorically.
Continuity cut/edit- Continuity editing is the predominant style of film editing and video editing in the post-production process of filmmaking of narrative films and television programs. The purpose of continuity editing is to smooth over the inherent discontinuity of the editing process and to establish a logical coherence between shots.In most films, logical coherence is achieved by cutting to continuity, which emphasises smooth transition of time and space. However, some films incorporate cutting to continuity into a more complex classical cutting technique, one which also tries to show psychological continuity of shots. The montage technique relies on symbolic association of ideas between shots rather than association of simple physical action for its continuity.
The Development of Editing
1900-1903
James Williamson was making films taking action from a single shot at one location, to another shot in a different place. He expressed this technique in films like 'Stop Thief!' and 'Fire!' which where made in 1901, along side many others. Williamson was also experimenting with close-ups in his productions, the most notable one in his film 'The Big Swallow', when the character approaches the camera and gives us the impression that they're swallowing it. James Williamson, along side another successful film maker of his time called George Albert Smith, pioneered with the editing of film. They began using colour within their work and experimented with trick photography to enhance the narrative. By the 1900's their films where extended scenes of up to 5 minutes long.
By 1901, many other film makers where testing these editing techniques and ideas including the American Edwin S. Porter, who started making films for the Edison Company. Porter worked on many small time productions up until 1903 when he made 'Life of an American Fireman'. The film had a total of nine shots and had a continuous narrative over seven scenes, also he added a dissolve between every shot with the action repeated across each one. In the same year he made 'The Great Train Robbery', which had a running time of twelve minutes, twenty separate shots and was filmed in ten different locations both indoor and outdoor. He used cross-cutting editing method to show simultaneous action in different places. The Great Train Robbery contains scenes shot on sets of a telegraph station, a railroad car interior, and a dance hall, with outdoor scenes at a railroad water tower, on the train itself, at a point along the track, and in the woods. But when the robbers leave the telegraph station interior (set) and emerge at the water tower, the audience believes they went immediately from one to the other. Or that when they climb on the train in one shot and enter the baggage car (a set) in the next, the audience believes they are on the same train.
I certify this is my own work
Techniques/purpose/development
Invisible editing- If you cut on an action, the viewer is paying attention to the action. The action draws attention away from the edit, so you don't notice it. You see it but you don't notice it because your attention is drawn to the action or movement in the frame. It's like a magicians slight of hand, where he does an action to distract you while he does his slight of hand. It's right there to see but you don't notice it because the action distracts you from it. Same principle.
J&L cuts-In a J-cut, the sound of the next scene precedes the picture, and in an L-cut, the picture
changes but the audio continues.
Cutting on action-Cutting from one shot to another view that matches up to the action in the first shot.
Unconventional shots- A shot that's not handheld, has a meticulously crafted composition that keeps your eye moving around it in a specific way.
Matched cut- A match cut, also called a graphic match, is a cut in film editing between either two different objects, two different spaces, or two different compositions in which objects in the two shots graphically match, often helping to establish a strong continuity of action and linking the two shots metaphorically.
Continuity cut/edit- Continuity editing is the predominant style of film editing and video editing in the post-production process of filmmaking of narrative films and television programs. The purpose of continuity editing is to smooth over the inherent discontinuity of the editing process and to establish a logical coherence between shots.In most films, logical coherence is achieved by cutting to continuity, which emphasises smooth transition of time and space. However, some films incorporate cutting to continuity into a more complex classical cutting technique, one which also tries to show psychological continuity of shots. The montage technique relies on symbolic association of ideas between shots rather than association of simple physical action for its continuity.
The Development of Editing
1900-1903
James Williamson was making films taking action from a single shot at one location, to another shot in a different place. He expressed this technique in films like 'Stop Thief!' and 'Fire!' which where made in 1901, along side many others. Williamson was also experimenting with close-ups in his productions, the most notable one in his film 'The Big Swallow', when the character approaches the camera and gives us the impression that they're swallowing it. James Williamson, along side another successful film maker of his time called George Albert Smith, pioneered with the editing of film. They began using colour within their work and experimented with trick photography to enhance the narrative. By the 1900's their films where extended scenes of up to 5 minutes long.
By 1901, many other film makers where testing these editing techniques and ideas including the American Edwin S. Porter, who started making films for the Edison Company. Porter worked on many small time productions up until 1903 when he made 'Life of an American Fireman'. The film had a total of nine shots and had a continuous narrative over seven scenes, also he added a dissolve between every shot with the action repeated across each one. In the same year he made 'The Great Train Robbery', which had a running time of twelve minutes, twenty separate shots and was filmed in ten different locations both indoor and outdoor. He used cross-cutting editing method to show simultaneous action in different places. The Great Train Robbery contains scenes shot on sets of a telegraph station, a railroad car interior, and a dance hall, with outdoor scenes at a railroad water tower, on the train itself, at a point along the track, and in the woods. But when the robbers leave the telegraph station interior (set) and emerge at the water tower, the audience believes they went immediately from one to the other. Or that when they climb on the train in one shot and enter the baggage car (a set) in the next, the audience believes they are on the same train.
I certify this is my own work
Tuesday, 3 March 2015
Unit 8 Understanding Film and TV Outcome 1
The BBC (British Broadcasting Corporation) is a public broadcaster in the uk and is one of the largest broadcasting organisations in the world. They gain funding due to the TV lisence few that is paid by UK households and businesses who have televisions. The BBC provides 8 national TV channels (BBC one, BBC two, BBC three, BBC four, CBBC, Cbeebies, BBC news, BBC parliament) as well as radio broadcasting, BBC online and BBC iplayer. The corporation was founded on October 18th 1922.
What is the structure of the TV industry?
A commercial tv channel is a channel that is privately owned corporate media, instead if a state sponsorship. It is primarily about airing advertisement through the media to make profit and gain their funding. Examples of commercial tv are Comedy Central, itv, 4 Music, Nat Geo, sky sports etc. we can see if a commercial channel is successful by looking at it's viewing figures. If the stats show that they constantly have a large audience, then it means they're successful, but if the figures are low then the channel is obviously failing to satisfy and interest it's target market.
Top 10 highest rated programmes on ITV (7th Feb):
1-Eastenders
2-Regional News and Weather
3-Emmerdale
4-BBC News at Six
5-The One Show
6-Holby City
7-BBC News at Ten
8-UEFA Champions League Live: PSG vs Chelsea
9-Regional News and Weather
10-Pointless
A media conglomerate is a company that owns large numbers of other companies that vary in media such as tv, radio, publishing, movies and the internet. They strive to policies that facilitate their control of markets across the globe.
Examples of media conglomerates:
-Walt Disney Studios
-21st Century Fox
-Time Warner
-CBS Corperation
-Viacom
Top 10 film production studios:
-Dreamworks
-MGM
-The Weinstein Company
-Lionsgate Entertainment
-Viacom
-News Corperation
-Comcast
-The Walt Disney Company
-Time Warner
-Sony
Walt Disney Studios
-The Lion King-http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0110357/business?ref_=tt_dt_bus
An independent film is a production resulting in a feature film which is not produced within the major film studio system.
List of independent producers (who are also members of the united artists and founded the society of independent motion picture producers):
-Mary Pickford
-Charlie Chaplin
-Walt Disney
-Orson Welles
-Samuel Goldwyn
-David O. Selznick
-Alexander Korda
-Walter Wanger
List of award winning independent films:
-Pride
-The Immitation Game
-Calvary
-Mr. Turner
-'71
-Boyhood
Thanks to technology we can now watch tv and film in May different formats. We can access media through the internet, apps on tablets and smartphones, gaming consoles etc. Also we now have the opportunity to watch 3D TV from the comfort of our own homes thanks to smart 3D compatible TVs.
What is the structure of the TV industry?
TV is made up of publicly funded channels, commercial channels, and on demand channels. The channels such as the BBC are funded via the TV license. Commercial broadcasters are mostly funded by advertisement and sponsorships. Smaller broadcasters and such as community stations are funded by local authorities and organisations, and on demand channels such as Netflix and love Film get their funding from subscription marketing. However on demand formats like 4OD and ITV Player again get their funding from advertisement.
What is the structure of the film industry?
Film is made up of: development, production, distribution and exhibition. Development is the stage where the production team gets together and plans out the films outcome. It is where all ideas are brought together and expanded to create the best possible motion picture. Production is the making of the film. This is where all the time, effort and funding is brought to life and edited together. The distribution is where the production gets sold in stores and online to make money and the exhibition is when the film is premiered in cinemas, on our TV's at home, and online streaming such as Netflix, Now TV, Amazon Prime etc.
What is the future of TV?
TV is becoming less of a sovereign industry and instead turning into a competitive arms race between the major technology giants such as Apple and Google. The only channels left that aren't run by America and still owned by British industries are the BBC and Channel 4.
- British TV will be run by US media companies
- ITV and Channels 4 challenged this notion as already a commercial channel therefore they would lose money
My opinion is that TV is turning into a weapon for the main tech companies to compete against each other. TV is also becoming more online based other than on a television in your home.
Television – BBC
1. Where is the BBC located?
The BBC is based at Broadcasting House in London.
2. What does BBC stand for?
British Broadcasting Corporation.
4. Who owns the BBC?
It was founded in 1922 by John Reith however it is a publicly owned company.
5. How is the BBC funded?
It is funded by the TV license fee which is paid by all home owners, businesses and organisations that use any type of equipment to receive or record live TV broadcasts.
6. List what type of programmes the BBC show
7. Is the BBC a media conglomerate? If yes explain, if no explain
The BBC is a conglomerate, but at the same time it isn't one. It is one because it owns many different outputs of media i.e. TV, radio, websites, but its also owned by the british public therefore it isn't a conglomerate.
8. Is the company multinational, national or local? and give your reasons.
http://www.parliament.uk/business/publications/research/key-issues-for-the-new-parliament/value-for-money-in-public-services/future-of-the-bbc/
What is the ethos of the BBC?
To inform, educate and entertain their audience.
What is the BBC for?
To cater for a diverse public with a diverse range of programmes. They have to make sure that the public funding is spent correctly.
What is the future of the BBC?
The BBC is becoming video on demand with a variety of different channels. Its becoming more like a commercial channel meaning they need to start funding like one and introduce advertising. If they do become commercial it means that all the other channels such as ITV and Channel 4 will have a lot more competition on their hands.
Activity 4
According to the article below, what is wrong with the BBC?
-Spending too much money on programs
- Top slicing- allowing other companies to take part in the bid for the TV license
-Copycat programs like the Voice
http://www.theguardian.com/media/2014/jan/14/itv-bbc-licence-fee-top-sliced
Activity 5
Research online and answer the question below
What do you think are the advantages of having a public service broadcaster?
Extended question – In your opinion:
Do you think we need the BBC?
Do you think we should continue to fund the BBC through the TV Licence.
In your opinion do you think we should have the BBC?
Activity 5
Read the article on ITV and answer the following questions:
http://www.theguardian.com/business/2014/aug/10/itv-profits-producing-hits-primetime-star-bid-content?CMP=twt_gu
I certify this is my own work
Television – BBC
1. Where is the BBC located?
The BBC is based at Broadcasting House in London.
2. What does BBC stand for?
British Broadcasting Corporation.
4. Who owns the BBC?
It was founded in 1922 by John Reith however it is a publicly owned company.
5. How is the BBC funded?
It is funded by the TV license fee which is paid by all home owners, businesses and organisations that use any type of equipment to receive or record live TV broadcasts.
6. List what type of programmes the BBC show
- News
- Soap Opras
- Childrens TV
- Documentaries
- Reality TV
- Sport
- Film
7. Is the BBC a media conglomerate? If yes explain, if no explain
The BBC is a conglomerate, but at the same time it isn't one. It is one because it owns many different outputs of media i.e. TV, radio, websites, but its also owned by the british public therefore it isn't a conglomerate.
8. Is the company multinational, national or local? and give your reasons.
The BBC is a british based corporation therefore its a national company.
Read the article on the website below and answer the following questions:http://www.parliament.uk/business/publications/research/key-issues-for-the-new-parliament/value-for-money-in-public-services/future-of-the-bbc/
What is the ethos of the BBC?
To inform, educate and entertain their audience.
What is the BBC for?
To cater for a diverse public with a diverse range of programmes. They have to make sure that the public funding is spent correctly.
What is the future of the BBC?
The BBC is becoming video on demand with a variety of different channels. Its becoming more like a commercial channel meaning they need to start funding like one and introduce advertising. If they do become commercial it means that all the other channels such as ITV and Channel 4 will have a lot more competition on their hands.
Activity 4
According to the article below, what is wrong with the BBC?
-Spending too much money on programs
- Top slicing- allowing other companies to take part in the bid for the TV license
-Copycat programs like the Voice
http://www.theguardian.com/media/2014/jan/14/itv-bbc-licence-fee-top-sliced
Activity 5
Research online and answer the question below
What do you think are the advantages of having a public service broadcaster?
Extended question – In your opinion:
Do you think we need the BBC?
Do you think we should continue to fund the BBC through the TV Licence.
In your opinion do you think we should have the BBC?
Activity 5
Read the article on ITV and answer the following questions:
http://www.theguardian.com/business/2014/aug/10/itv-profits-producing-hits-primetime-star-bid-content?CMP=twt_gu
I certify this is my own work
Wednesday, 25 February 2015
Unit 8 Assignment 2 ethics
There are certain things young children/people shouldn't watch because the content will be to explicit and inappropriate for them. In some circumstances however we have programmes like scooby-doo and other cartoons which have aspects of violence throughout, but because its cartoon, slapstick and not very detailed it seems to be ok and suitable for a young child to watch.
Ethics
As a society we have certain ethics in order to prove to ourselves what is right and wrong. however our ethics are very misleading. For example most of us believe it is ok to kill animals for food but not test products on them. In this situation the animals are still in a losing situation but because the testing sounds worse than us using them for food, it doesn't seem as humane. Our ethics come from the people who influence us i.e.parents, cultures etc. Because we trust them we believe these ethics are right even though they may not be.
What programs teach us good morals?
-Arrow
-Dexter
-Teletubbies
-Balamory
-Suits
-Judge Judy
Scrubs
Death Row
What programs teach us poor morals?
-Geordie Shore
-16 and Pregnant
-Storage Hunters
-House of Cards
-Breaking Bad
-Better Call Saul
-Jersey Shore
-Misfits
-Skins
The mixture of programs here shows that our morals and ethics are shaped within a wide range of media products.
Should TV and film be more ethical?Can TV and film be blamed for the slipping ethics of society?
I think it should be more ethical because a lot of young people have lost track of what's right and wrong due to things they've seen on TV, therefore putting more ethics into film and TV will hopefully change the way the younger generation behave and change their perspectives on how to act with and without others. The problem with this is that if TV is changed too much with ethics added, it could cause the audiences to lose interest in the programs and films they were watching therefore loosing the media industry lots of money.
bad ethics from reality TV
This link talks about how bad morals and ethics that have been publicised by TV and film are affecting the young generation. It talks about how things that used to be looked upon as 'bad' and 'irresponsible' have been turned into entertainment and something to aspire to which to me is extremely worrying and careless for young people. A good example to use when talking about bad ethical behaviour within a TV programme would be Breaking Bad. Breaking Bad is about a man (Walter White) who is diagnosed with cancer that causes him to worry about leaving his family behind. This makes him determined to make as much money as possible to leave behind so that his family don't struggle after he's gone. Now people might think Walter is a great man by leaving this much money for his family before he dies but what people tend to miss is that he's still a mass producing meth cook, breaking multiple laws and putting the lives of everyone he knows in danger. These are the kind of bad ethics that are being promoted to our younger generation, but because they're entertaining to us we wont disagree with these programs being shown because we enjoy them.
Breaking Bad:Morals and Ethics
Big Brother Clip: Jade Goody and Shilpa Shetty argument
Looking at this clip the behaviour of Jade and the two women beside her raises a few eyebrows because it seemed to be more on the subject of bullying rather than an actual argument. Its clear that the disagreement is over much more than just an OXO cube because for one, nobody gets that upset about stock, and two jade mentions a sly racist comment within the shouting causing people to think that she's discriminating on her for different reasons. The problem with this particular situation is race. I believe that if the person Jade was arguing with was from a different origin, would the whole think have been as much of an uproar? I don't think so and thats because race and racism are very touchy subjects, and if the boundaries of racism are pushed slightly then our opinions on the people involved can be tipped in a different direction. Im not saying that Jade was wrongly portrayed a bad person here because what she was doing and saying is technically bullying and she should be ridiculed for it, however due to the nature of media and wanting to make good TV, the producers may not have shown us all of the things that were said and done therefore we cannot make snap decisions about the people involved as we don't know the whole story.
I certify this is my own work
Ethics
As a society we have certain ethics in order to prove to ourselves what is right and wrong. however our ethics are very misleading. For example most of us believe it is ok to kill animals for food but not test products on them. In this situation the animals are still in a losing situation but because the testing sounds worse than us using them for food, it doesn't seem as humane. Our ethics come from the people who influence us i.e.parents, cultures etc. Because we trust them we believe these ethics are right even though they may not be.
What programs teach us good morals?
-Arrow
-Dexter
-Teletubbies
-Balamory
-Suits
-Judge Judy
Scrubs
Death Row
What programs teach us poor morals?
-Geordie Shore
-16 and Pregnant
-Storage Hunters
-House of Cards
-Breaking Bad
-Better Call Saul
-Jersey Shore
-Misfits
-Skins
The mixture of programs here shows that our morals and ethics are shaped within a wide range of media products.
Should TV and film be more ethical?Can TV and film be blamed for the slipping ethics of society?
I think it should be more ethical because a lot of young people have lost track of what's right and wrong due to things they've seen on TV, therefore putting more ethics into film and TV will hopefully change the way the younger generation behave and change their perspectives on how to act with and without others. The problem with this is that if TV is changed too much with ethics added, it could cause the audiences to lose interest in the programs and films they were watching therefore loosing the media industry lots of money.
bad ethics from reality TV
This link talks about how bad morals and ethics that have been publicised by TV and film are affecting the young generation. It talks about how things that used to be looked upon as 'bad' and 'irresponsible' have been turned into entertainment and something to aspire to which to me is extremely worrying and careless for young people. A good example to use when talking about bad ethical behaviour within a TV programme would be Breaking Bad. Breaking Bad is about a man (Walter White) who is diagnosed with cancer that causes him to worry about leaving his family behind. This makes him determined to make as much money as possible to leave behind so that his family don't struggle after he's gone. Now people might think Walter is a great man by leaving this much money for his family before he dies but what people tend to miss is that he's still a mass producing meth cook, breaking multiple laws and putting the lives of everyone he knows in danger. These are the kind of bad ethics that are being promoted to our younger generation, but because they're entertaining to us we wont disagree with these programs being shown because we enjoy them.
Breaking Bad:Morals and Ethics
Big Brother Clip: Jade Goody and Shilpa Shetty argument
Looking at this clip the behaviour of Jade and the two women beside her raises a few eyebrows because it seemed to be more on the subject of bullying rather than an actual argument. Its clear that the disagreement is over much more than just an OXO cube because for one, nobody gets that upset about stock, and two jade mentions a sly racist comment within the shouting causing people to think that she's discriminating on her for different reasons. The problem with this particular situation is race. I believe that if the person Jade was arguing with was from a different origin, would the whole think have been as much of an uproar? I don't think so and thats because race and racism are very touchy subjects, and if the boundaries of racism are pushed slightly then our opinions on the people involved can be tipped in a different direction. Im not saying that Jade was wrongly portrayed a bad person here because what she was doing and saying is technically bullying and she should be ridiculed for it, however due to the nature of media and wanting to make good TV, the producers may not have shown us all of the things that were said and done therefore we cannot make snap decisions about the people involved as we don't know the whole story.
I certify this is my own work
Tuesday, 24 February 2015
Monday, 23 February 2015
Unit 8 Assignment 2
Trade Unions
BECTU is the UK's trade union for media and entertainment. The types of media covered include broadcasting, film, independent production, theatre arts, leisure and digital media. The union is a great thing to join as it offers mainly job protection and it improves pay and conditions of service, including pensions.
Article on trade union BECTU on strike march:
http://www.thestage.co.uk/news/2013/03/west-end-strike-action-averted-after-bectu-and-atg-resolve-dispute/
Freelance contracts
To be a freelancer in the film industry means that your working hours and income will vary drastically depending on your level of skill and quality.
Types of freelance contracts:
-Technical
-Creative
-Editorial
-Managerial
-Sales and Marketing
-Financial
Editorial Guidelines
Editorial guidelines are the BBC's values and standards. They apply to all the content we receive, no matter how or where we receive it. It is very important for producers to work under guidelines so that they make sure their productions are suitable for broadcasting and reach the requirements of their targeted tv channels.
BBFC
The BBFC (British Board of Film Classification) is the organisation that set the boundaries on our TV programmes and films which tell us what sort of content is included. The ratings range from U (safest) to R18 (most unsafe).
PG-a PG rated production I suitable or a child with the parents guidance and will not contain themes which may be in appropriate. Anythin like violence or bad language will be mild, an thngs like sexual references are unlikely unless they're I detailed and infrequent.
12A-This classification means any hold under 12 must be accompanied by an adult if they're watching the film at the cinema. Also if a DVD is rated 12A it means that the buyer must be able to prove that they're over 12 years old before they can purchase the DVD. The boundaries of violence and bad language in a 12A are pushed slightly further and will have more of an offensive nature.
15-A rated 15 film will be substantially more offensive and you must be able to prove you're over 15 to be able to watch or purchase a film of this rating. It can include things such as:
-Strong language
-Portrayals of sexual activity
-Strong verbal references to sex
-Sexual nudity
-Brief scenes of sexual violence or verbal references to sexual violence
-Discriminatory language or behaviour
-Drug taking
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)